Dear Amrit,

The momentum of the polymer particles is given by mass*velocity.

Forces are created by a change in momentum according d(mv)/dt (Newton’s law)

However, a change in momentum is not necessarily a transfer of energy whereby heat is generated.

(f.i. a mass swinging around on the end of a rope is accelerated into a circle and is without energy transfer involved)

Therefore it is better to look at the kinetic energy (1/2.m.v^2) that is converted into heat during a not 100% elastic collision.

Anyway, the available energy is directly related to the velocity.

My assumption, however, is that the kinetic energy, which is transferred into heat (temperature rise) is not enough to increase the polymer (even locally) to the softening temperature (even at rather high velocities).

see my previous consideration.

Are there any research reports that address the mechanism of the formation of streamers, supported by measurements and theoretical calculations, rather than statistical observations?

much interested in your opinion,

Best regards

Teus ■

Dear Amrit,

The momentum of the polymer particles is given by mass*velocity.

Forces are created by a change in momentum according d(mv)/dt (Newton’s law)

However, a change in momentum is not necessarily a transfer of energy whereby heat is generated.

(f.i. a mass swinging around on the end of a rope is accelerated into a circle and is without energy transfer involved)

Therefore it is better to look at the kinetic energy (1/2.m.v^2) that is converted into heat during a not 100% elastic collision.

Anyway, the available energy is directly related to the velocity.

My assumption, however, is that the kinetic energy, which is transferred into heat (temperature rise) is not enough to increase the polymer (even locally) to the softening temperature (even at rather high velocities).

see my previous consideration.

Are there any research reports that address the mechanism of the formation of streamers, supported by measurements and theoretical calculations, rather than statistical observations?

much interested in your opinion,

Best regards

Teus ■

Dear Amrit,

Lab work is based on a theory and/or always results in a (more valid) theory.

The physical effects of the velocity (I assume solid velocity) is addressed in your earlier reply and can be calculated and tested on their validity.

When PV (pressure*velocity) is a better parameter to consider in relation to streamer generation, what are the physical effects of the pressure in the accompanying theory?

In the term “PV (pressure*velocity)”, I assume that “pressure” is the local gas pressure.

Is the “velocity” in the term the gas velocity or the solid velocity?

“gas pressure*gas velocity” is in combination with a pipe area representing a power (N/m2 * m/sec * m2 = Nm/sec)

“gas pressure*solid velocity” does not make much sense as a physical parameter, although the general theory, given in your previous reply, is based on the solid velocity.

Now the theory, based on the solid velocity, is extended with the gas pressure and the solid velocity is replaced by the gas velocity.

I am very much interested to understand the full story.

Thanks and have a nice day

Teus ■

Dear Amrit,

Lab work is based on a theory and/or always results in a (more valid) theory.

The physical effects of the velocity (I assume solid velocity) is addressed in your earlier reply and can be calculated and tested on their validity.

When PV (pressure*velocity) is a better parameter to consider in relation to streamer generation, what are the physical effects of the pressure in the accompanying theory?

In the term “PV (pressure*velocity)”, I assume that “pressure” is the local gas pressure.

Is the “velocity” in the term the gas velocity or the solid velocity?

“gas pressure*gas velocity” is in combination with a pipe area representing a power (N/m2 * m/sec * m2 = Nm/sec)

“gas pressure*solid velocity” does not make much sense as a physical parameter, although the general theory, given in your previous reply, is based on the solid velocity.

Now the theory, based on the solid velocity, is extended with the gas pressure and the solid velocity is replaced by the gas velocity.

I am very much interested to understand the full story.

Thanks and have a nice day

Teus ■

Dear Kurt,

As long as it is not clearly investigated, how the streamers are formed, it is difficult to find a solution for this problem.

The most heard assumption is that the LDPE bonding is caused by heat, generated by friction.

It must be possible to test this theory outside a pneumatic conveying system and then relate the found energies to be existing also in the pneumatic conveying system.

Static electricity is one of the existing energies that need to be investigated too.

There are suggestions that moist air, preventing static electric build up, could be beneficial in this case.

This subject is discussed many times before and up till now, no satisfactory answer has emerged.

This should be an indication that the cause nor the real solution is found.

Correlating many pneumatic conveying installation calculations with the existence or non existence of streamers (if existing at all) did not show any correlation.

Success

Teus ■

Dear Kurt,

As long as it is not clearly investigated, how the streamers are formed, it is difficult to find a solution for this problem.

The most heard assumption is that the LDPE bonding is caused by heat, generated by friction.

It must be possible to test this theory outside a pneumatic conveying system and then relate the found energies to be existing also in the pneumatic conveying system.

Static electricity is one of the existing energies that need to be investigated too.

There are suggestions that moist air, preventing static electric build up, could be beneficial in this case.

This subject is discussed many times before and up till now, no satisfactory answer has emerged.

This should be an indication that the cause nor the real solution is found.

Correlating many pneumatic conveying installation calculations with the existence or non existence of streamers (if existing at all) did not show any correlation.

Success

Teus ■

Please if armit or anybody can send me this interesting articles

My mail is diegobritezg@hotmail.com

regards to all ■

Please if armit or anybody can send me this interesting articles

My mail is diegobritezg@hotmail.com

regards to all ■

Amrit,

Thank you for a very informative article. As a conveyance system novice, it greatly helped my understanding of how these systems operate.

-Brent ■

Amrit,

Thank you for a very informative article. As a conveyance system novice, it greatly helped my understanding of how these systems operate.

-Brent ■

Dear mr Amrit Agarwal,

Thanks for the copy pof article. Its step by step approach for pneumatic conveying calculations is easy to follow. I am preparing the necessary worksheets after incorporating the equations and will write back if I faceany problem.

However, one immediate doubyt during my first reading is that for the equivalent length of 90° bend, long radius is given as "40, or 20 ft whichever is more". What does it mean? 40 is always more than 20, and then why you have taken it as 20 for the pellets conveying calculations?

Deenar Apte ■

Dear mr Amrit Agarwal,

Thanks for the copy pof article. Its step by step approach for pneumatic conveying calculations is easy to follow. I am preparing the necessary worksheets after incorporating the equations and will write back if I faceany problem.

However, one immediate doubyt during my first reading is that for the equivalent length of 90° bend, long radius is given as "40, or 20 ft whichever is more". What does it mean? 40 is always more than 20, and then why you have taken it as 20 for the pellets conveying calculations?

Deenar Apte ■

Dear Mr Amrit Agarwal,

Thank for you caption article sent to me. It gives the details calculation of the pneumatic conveying design. At the moment, I have generated the Excel worksheet and it works except minor deviation. Will post it to you for some queries later.

Regards,

KL Oo ■

Dear Mr Amrit Agarwal,

Thank for you caption article sent to me. It gives the details calculation of the pneumatic conveying design. At the moment, I have generated the Excel worksheet and it works except minor deviation. Will post it to you for some queries later.

Regards,

KL Oo ■

Dear Mister Agarwal

Many thanks for sending your article “Theory and Design of Dilute Phase Pneumatic Conveying Systems” in pdf-format.

At the first glance seems the calculation method very interesting and helpful. Anyway, the article is conveniently arranged. Of course I need some time to overview and to examine the matter. Unfortunately, it really is a pity because of the use of imperial units while most of the European countries calculate with SI units.

Best Regards

Danny ■

Dear Mister Agarwal

Many thanks for sending your article “Theory and Design of Dilute Phase Pneumatic Conveying Systems” in pdf-format.

At the first glance seems the calculation method very interesting and helpful. Anyway, the article is conveniently arranged. Of course I need some time to overview and to examine the matter. Unfortunately, it really is a pity because of the use of imperial units while most of the European countries calculate with SI units.

Best Regards

Danny ■

Dear Mr. Amrit,

I read your very useful articals on pneumatic systems and I would like to request a copy of your excel spreadsheet for "Theory and Design of Dilute Phase Pneumatic Conveying Systems". I'll also appreciate for your articals "Debottlenecking Pneumatic Conveying Systems" and "Product Quality in Pneumatic Conveying". Thanks in advance and all the best...

Serdar Ozmisirli

Sr. Process Engineer

Tasnee ■

Dear Mr. Amrit,

I read your very useful articals on pneumatic systems and I would like to request a copy of your excel spreadsheet for "Theory and Design of Dilute Phase Pneumatic Conveying Systems". I'll also appreciate for your articals "Debottlenecking Pneumatic Conveying Systems" and "Product Quality in Pneumatic Conveying". Thanks in advance and all the best...

Serdar Ozmisirli

Sr. Process Engineer

Tasnee ■

Dear Amrit,

I would like to thank you for the copy of your article. It is very well presented and easy to understand. I wish I had found you earlier as I just spent the better part of the last month compiling what amounts to about half of the information you present here.

I recommend this article as a first step (or second or twentieth step) to anyone plunging into the study of pneumatic conveyance.

Sincerely,

Justin Clark

Project / Sr. Design Engineer

Nordson Corp. ■

Dear Amrit,

I would like to thank you for the copy of your article. It is very well presented and easy to understand. I wish I had found you earlier as I just spent the better part of the last month compiling what amounts to about half of the information you present here.

I recommend this article as a first step (or second or twentieth step) to anyone plunging into the study of pneumatic conveyance.

Sincerely,

Justin Clark

Project / Sr. Design Engineer

Nordson Corp. ■

Originally Posted by juaclark

I just spent the better part of the last month compiling what amounts to about half of the information

Dear Justin,

Compiling half the information of pneumatic conveying in the better part of the last month is really quite an achievement.

have a nice day

Teus ■

Originally Posted by juaclark

I just spent the better part of the last month compiling what amounts to about half of the information

Dear Justin,

Compiling half the information of pneumatic conveying in the better part of the last month is really quite an achievement.

have a nice day

Teus ■

Dear Mr Amrit Agarwal,

I receive your article and it is very useful and a practically approach method. I now generated the MS Excel the results are more or less same.

Can we combine the section 1 to 8 to ONE section and calculate?

Again thank you for sharing your knowledge.

Best Regards,

Kyi Lwin Oo ■

Dear Mr Amrit Agarwal,

I receive your article and it is very useful and a practically approach method. I now generated the MS Excel the results are more or less same.

Can we combine the section 1 to 8 to ONE section and calculate?

Again thank you for sharing your knowledge.

Best Regards,

Kyi Lwin Oo ■

Hi Amrit,

Can you please send me a copy of the calculation sheet to my mail id kiran.rao.k@gmail.com

Thanks,

Kiran Koppula ■

Dear Sir,

We have a pneumatic conveying of lime system with lime of size -5mm, and bulk density of 1000kg/cu.m.. Material flow is 50 T/hr..I am trying to calculate parameters as per your Theory and Design of Dilute Phase Pneumatic Conveying Systems to ascertain and improve the system. I will be grateful if you could let me know value of K.

Best Regards ■

What will be values of Vg and Vp in the formula for burnt lime -5mm, bulk density 1000 kg/cu.m. ■

Originally Posted by Amrit Agarwal

Dear Lotech,

Dear Amrit, Iotech (not Lotech)

Sometimes a rule of thumb tells more than it seems at first instance.

Originally Posted by Amrit Agarwal

Vg = 0.8 x Vp. This 0.8 factor should be close enough for coarse and relatively heavy particles.

Vproduct = 0.8 x vgas (Not vgas = 0.8 * vproduct)

Assume vertical pneumatic conveying.

then

vproduct=vgas – v suspension

vproduct/vgas = 1 – v suspension/vgas = 0.8

thus

v suspension/vgas = 0.2

Resulting in:

vgas = 5 times v suspension.

Exactly the same basis, how I estimate the airflow to begin with depending on particle size.

Calculating the product velocity in the design is a step further.

Have a nice day

Teus ■

Originally Posted by Amrit Agarwal

My article "Theory and Design of Dilute Phase Pneumatic Conveying Systems" was published this month in Powder Handling and Processing magazine. This article gives an easy to use Excel-based calculation method for designing new dilute phase pneumatic conveying systems or for improving the performance of existing conveying systems.

Regards,

Amrit T. Agarwal

Consulting Engineer

Pneumatic Conveying Consulting Services

Email: polypcc@aol.com

Ph and Fax: 304 346 5125

Dear Mr. Amrit,

I would like to thank you for sending this very useful article "Debottlenecking Pneumatic Conveying Systems" which gives very good understanding to phenomena. I believe that the article is a very good starting point while focusing pneumatic bottlenecks. I wish you success for your further studies and I'll appreciate if you send your ""Theory and Design of Dilute Phase Pneumatic Conveying Systems" article as well.

Best regards

Serdar ■

Hi Amrit,

Can you please send me a copy of the calculation sheet to my mail adress?

erica.risimini@gmail.com

Thanks, best regards,

Erica Risimini

PS - I got a question, can i ask it to you by email? Thank you a lot! ■

Originally Posted by Amrit Agarwal

My article "Theory and Design of Dilute Phase Pneumatic Conveying Systems" was published this month in Powder Handling and Processing magazine. This article gives an easy to use Excel-based calculation method for designing new dilute phase pneumatic conveying systems or for improving the performance of existing conveying systems.

Regards,

Amrit T. Agarwal

Consulting Engineer

Pneumatic Conveying Consulting Services

Email: polypcc@aol.com

Ph and Fax: 304 346 5125

Dear Mr. Amrit,

Thank you for your article "Theory and Design of Dilute Phase Pneumatic Conveying Systems". Article is very useful and very user friendly for calculation. I hope we can see your very useful future studies.

Best regards

Serdar Ozmisirli

Senior Process Engineer ■

Originally Posted by Amrit Agarwal

My article "Theory and Design of Dilute Phase Pneumatic Conveying Systems" was published this month in Powder Handling and Processing magazine. This article gives an easy to use Excel-based calculation method for designing new dilute phase pneumatic conveying systems or for improving the performance of existing conveying systems.

Regards,

Amrit T. Agarwal

Consulting Engineer

Pneumatic Conveying Consulting Services

Email: polypcc@aol.com

Ph and Fax: 304 346 5125

Dear Mr. Amrit,

Thank you for your article "Theory and Design of Dilute Phase Pneumatic Conveying Systems". Article is very useful and very user friendly for calculation. I hope we can see your very useful future studies.

Best regards

Serdar Ozmisirli

Senior Process Engineer ■