It is generally advisable to define your coefficients, like your Physics teacher did. When you say design coefficient for kiln it is meningless. We had this situation a few weeks ago when some smart rsed kid was playing about with mills. What capacity are you talking about, input or output?

First prepare Process Schematic; follow this with a Process Flow Diagram; mark this up with the line flowrates, temperatures & pressure, as applicable. Only then can you examine process interactions. For quantitative design you do not make allowances. Time & again we here about conveyors with 600tph capacity that can handle 1500tph. B.ll...s; the capacity is 1500 tph.

Some Standards make the allowances for you, fair enough. You use the quoted figures. If the Owner didn't tell you the truth who are you to worry? ■

No. Don't get into deep water. If the supplier says his machine will do 28tph you can use it. If he says it can do 24 tph...but..then...maybe; don't use it!

Availability is what you ask for, operating hours per annum. Some manufacturers honestly expect us believe that their machines will work all year round, provided the maintenance shedules are adhered to.

For annual output you have to multiply the hourly output by the available hours. No coefficient is necessary, the figures are available from the manufacturer. ■